The Ranson’s Criteria is one of the earliest and most widely recognized scoring systems developed to predict the severity and outcomes of acute pancreatitis. Introduced by Dr. John Ranson in the 1970s, it uses a combination of clinical and biochemical markers collected at admission and within 48 hours of hospitalization. The system includes 11 parameters: five at the time of admission and six within the first 48 hours. Each abnormal finding contributes one point toward the overall score.

The score correlates strongly with the risk of complications and mortality. For example, lower scores (0–2) generally predict mild disease with low mortality, while higher scores (≥6) are associated with severe pancreatitis and a significantly increased risk of death. Although modern scoring systems and imaging methods have supplemented it, Ranson’s Criteria remains a reliable, cost-effective, and widely taught method, particularly in resource-limited settings.

It is primarily used for prognostication and management planning rather than immediate diagnosis. Clinicians apply it to anticipate intensive care needs, guide monitoring frequency, and counsel patients and families regarding expected outcomes. While it is less convenient than simpler tools (like BISAP or APACHE II) because of the 48-hour delay, it continues to hold value in both clinical practice and medical education.